Effects Of The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima Japan - 1038 Words

Sawyere Lamontagne December 2nd, 2015 Prof. Richmond Engwr 300 Girls of Atomic City August 6th, 1945 a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima Japan, forever changing the game of war and the lives of all two and a third billion(Alpha Wolfram). The atomic bomb was a new invention in like the world has never seen. This bomb nicknamed Little Boy alone killed or injured over a hundred and fifty thousand people. This followed by another bomb, Fat Man, being dropped on nagasaki, killed or injured another 75,000. These rates are just within months of the bomb being dropped, not accounting the deaths that followed from the damage caused by radiation, starvation and other after effects of the bomb. Behind this destruction of a country is one man, President Harry Truman, notable the most infamous war time presidents. He has gone down in history as the man who dropped the bomb, and because of that he was and is despised by many. But is he worthy of this hatred, with his contributions to desegregation of the military and the strengthening of the economy(Hamby)? I t seems as if even though what he did was necessary for the situation that was at hand, he still is seen as an evil man by some who dislike the dropping of the bomb. Comparatively to other wartime presidents, Truman took the path of what needed to be done, and is seen worse than others, such as George W Bush who went to war under the guise of W.M.Ds which were never found, or Wilson who sent the U.S into the great war, afterShow MoreRelatedA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 Pageshistory was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many lives were changed forever. The atomic bombings caused many people to have genetic effects due to the radiation from the bombs. Revisionists have saidRead MoreWas The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Morally Justified?1736 Words   |  7 PagesWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ethically justified? – Why Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan – By Grace Kelsall World War 2 saw the emergence of America as a new world power on August 6th 1945, also internationally known as the traumatizing day for Hiroshima; after an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first atomic bomb. World War Two is considered a great turning point in modern history, it being one of the bloodiest and horrific wars; exposing all countries aroundRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Truman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead MoreEssay on Atomic Bombing on Japan937 Wor ds   |  4 PagesHiroshima: Was Dropping the Atomic Bomb a Military Necessity? On the morning of August 6th, 1945 at around 8:16 a.m., the United States dropped the first bomb on Hiroshima. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Little Boy.† Three days after the first atomic bomb was dropped, on August 9th, 1945 at around 11:02 a.m., the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Fat Man.† These two bombs immensely destroyed these cities and took the lives of many peopleRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima1096 Words   |  5 Pages1945 in Hiroshima, Japan did not begin in any exceptional way; in fact the people had no idea that they were about to be part of one of the most significant mornings in all of history. At 8:15 am, the United States Army Air Forces dropped the first atomic bomb, ironically called, when one considers the enormity of the bombs significance, the Little Boy Three days later the U.S. dropped a second bomb nicknamed the Fat Man on the town of Nagasaki, Japan. Historically, the use of the atomic bombsRead MoreHiroshima And Nagasaki Bombing Of Hiroshima1206 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing The Bombing In 1945, the US dropped 2 atomic bombs on the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, causing hundreds of thousands civilian deaths. Some people say that this act helped to end the world war and save more lives, but others think that it was not needed and wasn t the cause of the Japanese surrender. Sequence of Events 5th August 1945 President gives approval to use bombs 6th August 1945 Bombing of Hiroshima 9th August 1945 Bombing of NagasakiRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the UnitedRead MoreThe Importance Of The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima742 Words   |  3 Pageshis office, America is under pressure to end the war in Asia but Japan is still putting up fierce resistance. On August 6, around 8:00 AM, an American B-29 flew over Hiroshima, Japan carrying the world’s most feared weapons, a weapon which can flatten a whole city in seconds, Equivalent to 13 kilotons of TNT. This new technology is called an atomic bomb. The primary target of â€Å"Little Boy† (the atomic bomb) was Hiroshima, Japan. Hiroshima was of industrial and military significance. A number of militaryRead MoreJapan Bombs : Was It Necessary?1188 Words   |  5 PagesRyan Nguyen Arr. 5 Japan Bombs: Was it necessary? In August of 1945, the US dropped one of the deadliest weapons ever made onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it was a barbarous and inhumane thing to do to another country. Even though the US believed that by dropping the bomb, World War II would be over, it was not necessary because Japan had already tried to negotiate peacefully and its military was already collapsing during that time. The consequences of the atomic bomb were stunning. According toRead MoreThe Benefits of Dropping an Atomic Bomb on Japan Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pageswindows, without it, there is no way of life.† On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a small city whose death toll rises to 90,000-166,000. On August 9th, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, 60,000–80,000 . In total, 15 million people lost their lives during the duration of the Second World War. In John Herseys book, Hiroshima, he provides a detailed account of six people and how the bombing of Hiroshima affected their lives. John Heresy felt it was important to focus his

Breast Cancer The Most Common Form Of Cancer - 937 Words

Breast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. As stated by the cancer center of America â€Å"The milk-producing ducts and glands are the two most likely areas to develop cancerous cells.† This is why it is most common in females, as males lack the ducts and glands that women have making them more vulnerable to develop cancerous cells. In 2012, 224,147 women and 2,125 men in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer. (cdc.gov) Of those 224,147 women 41,150 died and of the 2,125 men 405 died. Based on those statistics, the mortality rate is about 18% for women and about 19% for men. Granted, the mortality rate does vary per type of breast cancer. The most-deadly form of breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer, which is defined as the spreading of cancer from t he breast to other parts of the body such as lung, liver, and in severe cases bones and the brain. Metastatic breast cancer can spread in a variety of different ways, the first being invasion of healthy cells by cancer cells. Once the healthy cell has been taken over it can begin to reproduce more abnormal cells, which is why cancer cells grow so uncontrollably. Some other ways the cancer spreads incudes’, lodging into capillaries, penetrating the lymph system, migration through circulation, or justShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer1384 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will inform you of Breast Cancer. It is the most common form of cancer in women today but thanks to medical advances it is no longer the number one killer of women. The medical world has made some huge advances in diagnosing breast cancer and because of that, it has given women everywhere a fighting chance. Even with Breast Self-Exams (BSE) and Mammography it is still prevalent today. I will take you through the journey from finding the first lump, diagnosis, therapy, and finally theRead MoreLeah Wyrick. Ms. Basinger. Ap Language And Composition.1685 Words   |  7 PagesLeah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have beenRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease1737 Words   |  7 PagesWyrick 1 Leah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advancesRead MoreHuman Epidermal Growth Factor ( Her2 )1153 Words   |  5 Pagesepidermal growth factor (HER2) is a specialised protein that has the ability to control the growth and spread of certain cancers. Breast cancer is defined as HER2 positive (HER2+) when there is an extremely high level of HER2 receptors present within the cancerous tumour of the breast tissue (Macmillan, 2013). 1.2 Aims and objectives This report aims to give an overview on breast cancer focusing on the HER2+ sub-type of the disease; it includes an overview of aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology,Read MoreEssay On Being Cautious About Cancer758 Words   |  4 PagesBeing Cautious About Cancer An informative article by: Nelson Burke Introduction Disease is defined as a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment. Simplified, disease is when something goes wrong with the body of an organism due to either a genetic, or externalRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer’s a group of cells that are cancer cells called malignant. Malignant is a tumor, which starts in parts of the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women but not as bad of a death for men. Males or females, are born with some breast cells and tissues that have the possibility to turn into cancer cells. (â€Å"Definition.†) Any type of cancer begins in the cells. The cells are the basic building blocks that’ll make the tissue. If the process of cell growth goesRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreOverview of Breast Cancer Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesIf you or a loved one were diagnosed with breast cancer, how would you feel? You would probably feel very afraid and worried. Breast cancer is a common and potentially deadly form of ca ncer that affects both men and women. There are risk factors for getting the disease and there are different types of treatment for people who have been diagnosed with the disease. There are also steps that people can take to try to prevent getting breast cancer or at least catch it early. Luckily there are manyRead MoreOncology and Breast Foundation Essay example1072 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include+++++++etc. Other risks, which you can change, include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy, taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having denseRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. 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Views of Enineering Students Towards Te 2013 Election Free Essays

Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and definition of terms. Background of the Study The 2013 election to the Senate of the Philippine, where we will elect on the 12 of the 24 seats in the senate, will be held on May 13, 2013. Senators elected in this election will serve up to 2019, a total of 6 years in service to the nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Views of Enineering Students Towards Te 2013 Election or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of all the Filipino voters, the youth constitutes 60 percent, of which legal voters of the first year students of USeP will take part. Most voters of the freshmen of the University of Southeastern Philippines are first time voters and of no experience to a national election. And to vote, we do it wisely by taking necessary measures into knowing the righteous candidate through learning what she has done and will be able to do for the nation. We must know, understand and analyze the steps the first time voters do to be able to choose the right candidates for the 12 seats in the congress. Deciphering how the first time voters view the 2013 senatorial elections is critical to understanding how they would vote and nevertheless who they would probably vote. Statement of the Problem How do registered voters of freshmen of the engineering department of the University of Southeastern Philippines take the 2013 senatorial elections? What steps are taken by the registered voters of the first year engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philippines towards the choosing the best candidate for the 2013 senatorial election. Significance of the Study Most voters of the freshmen of the University of Southeastern Philippines are first time voters and of no experience to a national election. And to vote, we must do it wisely and with the right knowledge of what a senator could do to serve our country. We must know, understand and analyze the steps the first time voters do to be able to choose the right candidates for the 12 seats in the senate. Scope and Limitations This study covers how first year engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philippines view the 2013 senatorial elections. Also, this study covers the preparations and the readiness the freshmen of the college of engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines had done towards choosing the deserving candidate for senator for the 2013 senatorial elections. This study also analyzes the results of the survey in order to understand the statistics of the actions done by the sampled voters of the freshmen of the college of engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines. This study is limited to knowing and understanding and opinions of the freshmen of the college of engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines towards the 2013 senatorial elections. This study will not cover the likely senators that the first time voters would vote for. Conceptual Framework This figure presented below shows the frameworks of the study. Review of Related Literature 2013 Election The 2013 Philippine general election on 13 May 2013 will be a midterm election, as the officials elected will assume office on 30 June 2013, or midway into President Benigno Aquino III’s term of office. There will be elected twelve senators, 229 district members of the House of Representatives, 80 provincial governors, 80 provincial vice governors, 766 members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature), 138 city mayors, 138 city vice mayors, 1,532 members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod (city council), 1,496 municipal mayors, 1,496 municipal vice mayors, and 11,972 members of the Sangguniang Bayan (municipal council). In the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), there will be elected one regional governor, one regional vice governor, and 24 regional assemblymen. Party-list representatives will also be elected. In total, there will be 18,022 national and local positions decided. Barangay officials, including barangay captains, will not be elected in May. The 2013 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections are scheduled to be held in October 2013. Preparation to the 2013 Senatorial Election Major preparations made by the Comelec included â€Å"exercising the option to purchase the Precinct Count Optical Scan (PCOS) machines, cleansing the party-list system of representation, annulling the book of voters as well as the subsequent holding of a general registration of voters in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM),† Brillantes said. The Comelec also conducted registration of voters, mock elections, configuration and printing of ballots. Comelec is all set to get the job done armed with competency, transparency and unsullied integrity, Brillantes said. He also cited the start of the Comelec gun ban that coincided with the opening of the election period last January 13. â€Å"I am confident that the Comelec, with the usual support and trust coming from various sectors of the society especially from the general public, will bring about another historic and successful elections,† Chapter 2 Methodology This chapter deals with research design, the respondents, research corpora and research data gathering procedure. Research Design We have used Qualitative design for this research for our goals is to gain insight, explore the depth and gather specific date thought a systematic subjective approach to the views of the freshmen engineering student of the University of Southeastern Philippines to senatorial election this May 13, 2013. Respondents We were able to survey 30 students in College of Engineering, USeP, Davao City. We asked them what are their opinions and what kind of candidate would they vote for. Some of our Respondents opinions Margarito Benavente – Electrical Engineering student at the University of Southeastern Philippines I will vote for the candidate who cares for the country and not who cares for their pockets. For the government to change you need a new set of leaders with integrity and honest. James Vincent de Cadiz †¢ Mechanical Engineering student at the University of Southeastern Philippines Well for me, i’ll vote someone who is true in what she does. I’ll vote for Loren Legarda Research Corpora To gather information, the researchers asked Freshmen students in College of Engineering of University of Southeastern Philippines. Research Data Gathering Procedure These are the procedures in gathering data made by researchers: procedures in gathering data made by researchers: Finding the possible Respondents The Researchers first surveyed to find out who will b e the first time voters among the first year engineering students. Asking the Respondents The researchers asked the respondents to conduct a survey . Collecting the Data from the Respondents The researchers asked a set of questions to the respondents. Analyzing the Data Gathered The researchers analyzed the data gathered. Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Results MaleFemale Eligible to Vote1119 Registered Voter918 Prepared to Vote917 Total number Surveyed1119 Interpretation of Data In this study, we have surveyed 30 students in the first year college of engineering of the University of Southeaster Philippines. From the 94 students a total of 36 students were eligible to vote, 28 students were registered to vote for the 2013 Senatorial Election, 22 were prepared and knowledgeable of whom they would vote. Among the areas surveyed the female contributed to a larger percentage. Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations Summary of Findings From the randomly surveyed population of the first year college of engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines, 96% of the total registered voters have been taking the necessary preparations towards identifying deserving candidates to be voted during the 2013 election. Methods of their preparation included watching regular news about congress and seeking additional information of the candidates by using the internet. Conclusion The study concludes that the registered voters of the first year college of engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines are ready to vote in the 2013 Senatorial Elections. Recommendations We recommend the significant number of students in the first year college of the University of Southeastern Philippines to register for 2013 Senatorial Elections to express every right of the Filipino. How to cite Views of Enineering Students Towards Te 2013 Election, Essay examples

Policy Implementation and Market Structures

Queston: Discuss about the Policy Implementation and Market Structures. Answer: Introduction The government has a primary role of ensuring that the economy is operating well and that it is free from externalities. Externalities (especially the negative ones) are actions that are done by a party but ends up impacting another party whether knowingly or unknowingly. Consumption of alcohol always gets out of control particularly when the prices for alcohol are too low. The consumption for alcoholic products obeys the law of demand since its level changes with price variations. When prices are low, consumers buy more but buy less when prices are high. The price elasticity of demand (PED) helps in showing the expected changes in demand when price is varied by a unit (Sivagnanam Srinivasan, 2010). Many economists have argued that the demand for alcoholic products falls under an inelastic demand such that a unit price change may have less influence on the quantity demanded. This paper will try to prove whether this assertion is true. If it will be confirmed to be true, the paper wi ll guide the government policy makers in determining the appropriate action to take so as to lower the consumption of alcohol. Alcohol is both harmful to oneself and to the whole community. Some people are so addicted in its consumption such that they cant go a day without it. This people end up neglecting their primary responsibilities such as caring for the family and their productivity at their job places goes down. This is detrimental to the economic growth and thus the rationale for its price control by the government. The paper will also help in understanding the market structures. It will provide the characteristics of different market structure that mainly affect the markets operations. It will also explain why it is difficult for a company to survive in such a market whereas another company may not be able to compete in a similar market. Investors will therefore be able to determine the most profitable market structures to venture into. The figure on demand model for Euromonitor Internationals Industry shows the various elasticities of demand for alcohol products. The model is specifically one sided model (negative side) meaning that alcoholic goods are normal goods and their demand are inversely related to the selling price such that a price rise results in a demand decline and a price fall results in a demand rise. In the model, it can be observed that different alcoholic products differ in their elasticity of demand. I.e. whereas its too high for high strength premixes, it is too low for the blended scotch whiskey. Suppliers of alcoholic products are mostly interested in such products such as the blended scotch whiskey with a low PED. This is because it enables them to influence the price without much influence on the quantity demanded. This paper will not consider the individual PED since there is an assumption that consumers would shift from one product to another when the price for one increases and the other remain unchanged. We shall therefore use the overall PED for alcoholic product determined in the model to be 0.45 (inelastic demand). When the government employs the policy of tax raise on alcoholic products, it creates an additional burden to the tax payers. However, since this tax is an indirect tax, its the consumers of alcoholic products alone who feels the squeeze (Sadowsky, 2010). The squeeze could be felt by the suppliers if they are unable to raise the consumer prices. PED is used in defining the party that suffers the extra tax burden. The equilibrium point before the tax increment is at point c (Po, Qo). The slope of the demand curve is steeply inclined as a sign that it is inelastic. The tax causes the prices to be raised from Po to P1 and consequently the quantity demanded declines from Qo to Q1. Before tax, the consumer surplus was area fcx and the producer surplus was area fcy. The change in demand is too small compared to the price increment. Therefore consumers suffer a greater tax burden. The tax burden is area abde where abgf is the burden on consumers and fgde is the burden on producers. Due to this tax imposition, the new producers surplus is edy which is lower than the initial fcy, and the new consumers surplus is abx which is lower than the initial fcx. A deadweight loss results and is equivalent to area bcd. The greatest tax burden is therefore concluded to be carried by the consumers when the demand is inelastic. The equilibrium point before the tax increment is at point c (Po, Qo). The slope of the demand curve is not steeply inclined as a sign that it is elastic. The tax causes the prices to be raised from Po to P1 and consequently the quantity demanded declines from Qo to Q1. Before tax, the consumer surplus was area fcx and the producer surplus was area fcy. The change in demand is too big compared to the small price increment. Therefore producers suffer a greater tax burden. The tax burden is area abde where abgf is the burden on consumers and fgde is the burden on producers. Due to this tax imposition, the new producers surplus is edy which is lower than the initial fcy, and the new consumers surplus is abx which is lower than the initial fcx. A deadweight loss results and is equivalent to area bcd. The greatest tax burden is therefore concluded to be carried by the producers when the demand is elastic. The equilibrium point initially is at point e (PoQo). The main goal of a minimum pricing strategy is to discourage demand, thus, this price P1 is set above the normal selling price. According to Woodhouse (2017) no seller is allowed to sell below the fixed price. At price P1 above the normal selling price, demand is discourage and falls to Q1. Consumers willingness to pay is minimized by the high price. However, the willingness of suppliers to supply more increases at the high price; their new supply level is Q2. Therefore an excess supply creates an oversupply in the market. Minimum price on alcohol therefore prevents the market from clearing. Both are mean to influence the consumption level so as to achieve health improvements and reduction of negative externalities. From the analysis on part (i) and part (ii) above, it can be concluded that imposing an exercise tax is more beneficial and effective than fixing a minimum price on alcoholic products. This is because, with an excise tax, the government not only discourages consumption of alcohol, it also raise its revenues. In the case for minimum price, the government only influences the consumption level but no revenues is raised. An excise tax could be beneficial to either the supplier or the consumers depending on their elasticity to demand. In case for the minimum pricing, there is only one party that benefits (the suppliers). There is no way through which a consumer can benefit from minimum price set on alcohol. Comparing the effectiveness of the two policy strategies, an excise tax is more effective as its a must it be adhered to, but for a minimum price the supplier may practice illegal selling practices. The government should therefore at all times consider imposing an excise tax and completely avoid minimum pricing. Table price in the long run will be above $ 200 because in the long run, the AC curve does not intersect with the AR (demand curve). They only meet at a tangency point. In the long run, only normal profits are made in a monopolistic competition. The AC curve generally is U-shaped and the demand curve is sloping negatively. Therefore, unless the demand curve was horizontal, it can never be tangent with the minimum point of the LRAC curve. Since demand curve will never be horizontal, the tangent point for the demand curve and the LRAC will never be at the minimum point. The diagram above shows the tangency point price and the minimum LRAC (where LRMC and LRAC intersect). There are many players in the market, but only a few large players dominating the market. In Australia, four firms from most industries control over 60 % of the market share (Kollmorgen, 2016). There are cost and competition barriers to entry. I.e. startup costs, and competition since the large players may fix their prices too lower to force the non-well established firms to exit the market. Price makers The large players may collude to form cartels to gain market power The products are either identical or differentiated. The decision of one player affect that of others. The industries in Australia that fall under oligopoly include; According to Andrew (2014), the supermarket industry is an oligopoly since there are few major players dominating the market (Coles and Woolworths). According to Adiktd (2014), the banking industry in Australia is an oligopoly since it is dominated by 4 big banks (National Australia Bank (NAB), Westpac (WBC), Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) and Commonwealth Bank (CBA). He also quoted that of all the other markets, this industry has the highest entry barriers. According to Smith (2015), the telecommunication industry in Australia is an oligopoly since Telstra, Vodafone Australia and Telecommunications-owned Optus dominate the market. Characteristic of monopolistic competition Numerous participants. Dwivedi (2006) noted that estimating the number of these sellers is difficult, but depending on the size of the market they may be 10 20. Perfect information Heterogeneous products. According to Baumol Blinder (2009), the products are similar but slightly differentiated. Freedom of entry and exit Examples of monopolistic completion industries in Australia The hairdressing industry according to Anders (2011) is a monopolistic competition industry since the sellers products and skills are slightly differentiated. The smartphone industry according to Joshi (2016) is a monopolistic competition industry since they offer a wide range of smartphones that are differentiated. The bakery industry according to Narula (2017) is a monopolistic competition industry since the bakers are many and different prices can be charged depending on competition in a given area. Duopoly competition occurs when there are only two firms dominating the market and are able to satisfy demand. The two firms must be able to produce at the lowest cost. There must be huge economies of scale so that other firms are unable to join the market. The price charged is equal to the minimum point of ATC and thus greater economies of scale. Other markets cannot survive in this market. So entrance is hindered by the economies of scale. References Adiktd. (2014). Oligopoly in the Australian Banking Sector. The-efficient-frontier.blogspot.co.ke. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https:.//the-efficient-frontier.blogspot.co.ke/2014/01/oligopoly-in-australian-banking-sector.html. Anders, J. (2011). What are the best examples of monopolistic competition in the real world? Quora.com. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-examples-of-monopolistic-competition-in-the-real-world. Andrew. (2014). Australian Oligopolies. Blog.adonline.id.au. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://blog.adonline.id.au/oligopolies/. Asveshion.com. (2012). Soal dan Jawaban Asistensi PE1 Price discrimination, monopolistik, oligopoli. Ventyventy.blogspot.co.ke. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://ventyventy.blogspot.co.ke/2012/12/soal-dan-jawaban-asistensi-pe1-price.html. Baumol, W., Blinder, A. (2009). Economics (11th Ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Dwivedi, D. (2006). Microeconomics. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Joshi, M. (2016). What are the best examples of monopolistic competition in the real world? Quora.com. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-examples-of-monopolistic-competition-in-the-real-world. Kollmorgen, A. (2016). Market monopolies in Australia. Choice.com.au. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.choice.com.au/shopping/everyday-shopping/supermarkets/articles/market-concentration. Narula, L. (2017). What are the best examples of monopolistic competition in the real world? Quora.com. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-examples-of-monopolistic-competition-in-the-real-world. Purpura, K. (2011). Monopolistic Competition: How to Graph it. YouTube. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwXdH-Vc2HM. Sadowsky, J. (2010). The Economics of Sin Taxes. Acton.org. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://acton.org/pub/religion-liberty/volume-4-number-2/economics-sin-taxes. Sivagnanam, J. Srinivasan, R. (2010). Business economics. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. Smith, M. (2015). The death of the oligopoly: Australia's incumbents face new rivals. Financial Review. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.afr.com/brand/chanticleer/the-death-of-the-oligopoly-australias-incumbents-face-new-rivals-20150421-1mq11b. Surbhi, S. (2016). Difference between Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. https://keydifferences.com. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-monopoly-and-monopolistic-competition.html. Thapa, R., Solomon, D. Boumphrey, S. (2014). Price Elasticities in Alcoholic Drinks. Euromonitor International Blog. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://blog.euromonitor.com/2014/08/price-elasticities-in-alcoholic-drinks.html. Woodhouse, J. (2017). Alcohol: minimum pricing. Researchbriefings.parliament.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05021